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| Venice Travel Guide Edit This The best resource for sights, hotels, restaurants, bars, what to do and see Along the Grand Canal Along the Grand Canal Lynne Venice is built on one hundred and seventeen small islands, and holds one hundred and fifty canals, connected by an amazing four hundred and nine bridges, of which only three cross the main canal. The area it covers is a mere 284 miles (458 kilometres). Although the city appears small, it is really quite extensive for its size with a fair number of Venice restaurants and Venice hotels (off peak) to choose from. |
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| While most tour guides don’t
recommend getting lost in the majority of cities during your Venice
vacation, Venice is the place to get hopelessly lost for a day. However,
Venice isn’t all cities and crowded streets. Through the mysterious
alleyways leading off from the city, endless mazes of backstreets and
deserted squares, on your Venice trip, you'll find that this city is a
perfect place to walk for hours on end, pretending to know where you are. The unique Venice activities you'll discover during a walk around town are plentiful. The now-famous watery villages on rafts of wooden posts driven into the soil, laid the foundations for the floating palaces of today. ____Sights Edit This Acque alte - "high waters": November through February brings heavy rain and flooding, especially in Piazza San Marco Acque alte - "high waters": November through February brings heavy rain and flooding, especially in Piazza San Marco Kim Rowland On your first Venice trip one of the first things you will notice is that Venice itself is the main attraction. Venice activities like strolling along the winding streets and the canals, sitting at a terrace with a proper cup of coffee (the sun also rises nicely in Venice, Hemingway must have thought), a glass of wine or 'Grappa', and breathing in the atmosphere of this dazzling city are all a part of Venice vacation you will never forget. Along the Canal Grande are various piazzas, churches and monasteries, most of them accessible to the public. The main sights are centered at and around the piazza of San Marco. Besides presenting an abundance of impressive architectural diversity, several buildings also house museums and/or galleries. Do not forget to cross the canal to have a look at the gallery of the Accademia, which has a fine and varied collection of Venetian paintings. Contributors May 24, 2008 change by mcburton Display all or display just: Churches Churches and Cathedrals Hotspots Landmarks Museums Palaces Squares and Bridges Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Sight] Piazza San Marco Edit This This spacious square remains impressive to every visitor. Whether it is packed with tourists, or nearly deserted in the early morning hours, this is one of sights you will want print on your retina to remember for the rest of your life. Besides the Basilica di San Marco, the piazza houses the Campanile (the 99 metres high tower which offers some excellent views of the city), the Torro dell'Orologio, the Palazzo Ducale and other architectural beauties. Looking for romance? Stroll the Piazza San Marco after dark, treat yourself to a cup of decadent more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] Ponte dei Sospiri (Bridge of Sighs) Edit This Leaving the Palazzo, you will soon find your way to the Ponte dei Sospiri which leads towards the prisons. The name of the bridge refers to the sighing of the prisoners when looking at the water and the world of freedom outside their barred windows. When you follow the route over water, you will end up at the Pozzi, the cells for the real tough prisoners. type: Squares and Bridges World66 rating: [rate it] Basilica del Redentore Edit This The architect of this basilica, Andrea Palladio, left his architectural touch all over the place. He also made the chiesa di S. Giorgio Maggiore. type: Churches World66 rating: [rate it] address: Giudecca 195 tel: +39 (0)41 – 5231415 Chiesa di San Giacomo di Rialto Edit This i_1 Possibly built around 421, Chiesa di San Giacomo di Rialto, also called San Giacometo, is considered the oldest church in Venice. Highlights include the great clock, the Gothic Portico (one of the last remaining examples in the city), and the interior design. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] Galleria dell'Accademia Edit This Although the Accademia is often left out of the visitor's schedule, it would be a shame to miss this collection of Venetian paintings. The gallery exhibits an impressive specialist collection of Venitian painting from the fourteenth until the eighteenth century. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Accademia, Dorsodura district openings: daily 9am – 2pm, Tues-Thurs 9am – 7pm, entrance € 6,20 tel: +39 (0)41 – 5222247 Musea Archeologico Edit This The museum, which has a collection of Greek and Roman sculpture, is situated, together with the Libreria Sansoviniana, in one of the most impressive Rennaisance buildings Sansovino created in Venice. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Piazza San Marco 52 openings: daily 10am-2pm tel: +39 (0)41 – 5222247 Museo d'Arte Moderna Edit This type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Santa Croce, Ca' Pesaro openings: 10am – 4pm, closed on Mondays, L5000. tel: +39 (0)41 – 721127 Scuola Grande di San Rocco Edit This Over fifty major works by Tintoretto are exhibited in this sixteenth- century building. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: San Polo, San Rocco openings: Apr-Oct: daily 9am-5.30pm / Dec-Feb: Mon-Fri 10am-1pm, Sat. and Sun. 10am-4pm / Mar-Nov daily 10am-4pm. tel: +39 (0)41 – 5234864 Palazzo Grassi Edit This type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] address: San Marco tel: +39 (0)41 – 5231680 Basilica di S.Maria Gloriosa dei Frari Edit This This basilica houses an extraordinary art collection of the period between the 14th and the 18th century. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] address: San Polo 3072 tel: +39 (0)41 – 5222637 Chiesa di Santa Maria della Pieta Edit This This church of the Pietas was the one where the famous composer Vivaldi worked and taught for many years. He even managed to bring together an orchestra of 1000 teenage orphan girls! The inside shows several several frescoes by Tiepolo. type: Churches and Cathedrals World66 rating: [rate it] Palazzo Ducale Edit This This palace housed Venice's former governmental departments. It dates from the early ninth century, but the earliest recoverable traces are from around the 1340s. The main entrance of the palace, the Porta della Carta, is one of the most bombastic Gothic works in Venice. type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] address: Piazza di San Marco, next to the Basilica openings: daily, summer 9am-7pm; winter 9am-5pm. Palazzo Giustinian Lolin Edit This type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 (0)41 - 786711 Basilica dei S. Giovanni e Paolo Edit This Pantheon of doges and an astonishing collection of Venetian painting and sculpture. type: Churches World66 rating: [rate it] address: Castello 6363 tel: +39 (0)41 – 5237510 Canal Grande (The Grand Canal) Edit This i photo by: Richard J. Gaba Grand views, galleries, museums, and beautiful Venetian Gothic style palaces -- these are just a few of the sights visitors will see while floating down the Grand Canal in a vaporetto (Venice waterbus). Another way to explore the Grand Canal is by Gondola or motorboat. The Grand Canal begins at Piazetta San Marco and ends at the rail station. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] Palazzo Labia Edit This type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] address: Cannaregio openings: Wed-Thru-Fri, 3pm-4pm tel: +39 (0)41 - 5242812 Basilica di San Marco (St. Mark's Basilica) Edit This Acque alte - "high waters": November through February brings heavy rain and flooding, especially in Piazza San Marco Acque alte - "high waters": November through February brings heavy rain and flooding, especially in Piazza San Marco photo by: Kim Rowland This astonishing cathedral was finished in 1094. The dark inside has been covered up under the spell of an enormous amount of relics, brought along from all over the world and also houses one of the most revered religious images of Venice, the icon of the Madonna of Nicopeia. Golden mosaics line every inch of the ceiling, while flames behind red candleholders flicker in the lamps. The Byzantine influence is evident especially on the outside facade and domes. Other points of interest include: the atrium, the baptistery, Pala d'Oro, and the Marciano Museum and Loggia dei Cavalli. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] email: biblioteca.proc@patriarcatovenezia.it address: Piazza di San Marco, San Marco 328 openings: Monday-Saturday 9:45 a.m.-5:30 p.m., Sundays 3:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m. tel: +39 041 2708311 url: www.basilicasanmarco.it openinghours: Monday-Saturday 9:45 a.m.-5:30 p.m., Sundays 3:00 p.m.-5:30 p.m. Museo della Comunita' Ebraica Edit This The Museum of the Jewish Community gives an overview of the history of the Jews in Italy from the Middle Ages throughout the Renaissance. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Cannaregio 2902/b openings: daily 10am-5:30pm. Closed on Saturdays. L4000 tel: +39 (0)41 - 715359 Palazzo Mocenigo Gambara Edit This type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 (0)41 - 5228400 Palazzo Pisani (Palace) Edit This photo Located between the Bridge of Rialto and the Ca'Foscari's Vault, Palazzo Pisani stands at one of the most beautiful points along the Grand Canal. The architecture is significant, due in part, to the palace’s façade, which features two levels of Gothic mulliones windows. Inside, Baroque decoration can be found throughout by the best Venetian artists of the XVIIIth Century such as Giuseppe Angeli, Gaspere Diziani, Giambattista Tiepoloi, and Jacopo Guarana. Other points of interest include the grand staircase, antique furnishings, and the palace's art collections. type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] email: info@pisanimoretta.com tel: +39 041 5285343 url: www.pisanimoretta.com address: Between Bridge of Rialto and the Ca'Foscari's Vault Palazzo Soranza Piovene Edit This type: Palaces World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 (0)41 - 720250 Chiesa dei Carmini Edit This In this solemn Gothic church, you can find great Renaissance works. type: Churches World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dorsoduro 917 tel: +39 (0)41 – 5226553 Collezione Peggy Guggenheim (Peggy Guggenheim Collection) Edit This Housed in the former Venetian home of Peggy Guggenheim, the Peggy Guggenheim Collection is one of the most outstanding art collections in the world. Visitors to the home -- Palazzo Venier dei Leoni, which sits on the Grand Canal in Venice, can browse through works by Jackson Pollock, Max Ernst (whom Peggy Guggenheim was once married to), Picasso, Chagill, Delvaux, Salvador Dali, Duchamp, and Mondrian. Also on site is a garden of modern sculpture with Giacometti, a museum shop, and a cafe overlooking the sculpture garden. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] email: info@guggenheim-venice.it address: 704 Dorsoduro, I-30123 openings: Open Daily 10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m., closed Tuesdays and December 25 tel: +39 041 2405411 openingHours: Open Daily 10:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m., closed Tuesdays and December 25 url: www.guggenheim-venice.it Museo Di Storia Naturale Edit This National History Museum type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Santa Croce 1730 openings: 9am-1pm, closed on Monday. L5000, with reduction, L3000 tel: +39 (0)41 - 5240885 Chiesa di S. Zaccaria Edit This According to insiders' information: one of the most charming churches of Venice. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 (0)41 – 5221257 Museo Correr Edit This Go there if you are intensely intrigued by the history aspects of Venice. The museun exhibits a huge collection of coins, weapons, paintings etc. Entrance fee: €4.50; with reduction €2.75. type: Museums World66 rating: [rate it] address: Ala Napoleonica, Piazza San Marco openings: during summer 9am-7pm, during winter 9am-5pm. tel: +39 (0)41 - 5225625 Torre dell'Orologio (The Clock Tower) Edit This Also known as St. Mark’s Clock Tower or the Moors Clock Tower, The Clock displays the current phase of the moon, the dominant sign of the zodiac, and of course, the time of day. The Clock Tower is 500 years old and it is one of Venice’s top tourist attractions. Torre dell'Orologio sits on St. Mark's Square – the heart of Venice. Guided tours take place at 9:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays and at 1:00 p.m., 2:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. on Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays. type: Landmarks World66 rating: [rate it] openingHours: Guided tours take place at 9:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m, and 11:00 a.m.on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays and at 1:00 p.m., 2:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. on Thursdays, Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays address: St. Mark's Square Museo Storico Navale (Naval History Museum) Edit This Some of the most interesting items are on display at Museo Storico Navale such as a lavish gondola that belonged to Peggy Guggenheim and several sheds where several historic barges are displayed. The Museum has three floors. The first contains a collection of Second World War torpedoes and artillery pieces as well as a 16th century frieze by Fernando Bertelli. The second floor contains a collection of model ships and it is also dedicated to naval hero Admiral Morosini. The third floor houses several decorative 17th and 18th century gondola prows as well as large collection of more.. type: Hotspots World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041 5200276 address: Campo San Biago, Castello 2148 ___________History Edit This Map Room at the Palazzo Ducale Map Room at the Palazzo Ducale Ellen Fields The Republic of Venice, located in northern Italy, was founded in the ninth century when the Venetians prevented the Francs from abducting this island. Venice was, however, not distinctive in any way yet. Whether it was a theft or a cheap bargain, the arrival of the body of the saint Evangelist Mark by the eleventh doge changed everything. No saint without a legend and the legend was established very soon. When St. Mark set foot on the lagoon island, he was welcomed by an angel who told him that on the very spot where he was standing, an impressive city would come into being. After the arrival of the body- the bones of St. Mark were buried in the Basilica di San Marco's poop, Venice prospered and could no longer be ignored on the world-stage. Venice became the first and the biggest trading power in the world. That is, the world before the great expeditions during the fifteenth and the sixteenth century. Through trade the Venetians prospered and Venice rapidly accumulated wealth. Venetians merchants established monopolies and used the Crusades as a tool to increase their trading power. They forced the Crusaders to attack rival traders in Constantinople in exchange for transportation to the Arab Empire in the Middle East. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Portuguese arrived in the Indies and the Venetians had to face the loss of their monopoly of spices. However, the tendency to self-idolizing fed the urge to find a new alternative: art flourished as never before. At the same time that Venice had to face the end of its trading status, it reached its artistic pinnacle, both in architecture and painting. The Venetians decided to maintain the 'chaotic' form of the city. Until the Renaissance, Venice gained its own distinctive character by colouring the city with marble, red brick and using all sorts of architectural elements the Venetians imported and adjusted from elsewhere in Italy or collected during travels abroad. Gothic and Roman-Byzantium architecture gave way to the Renaissance and its most important architect, Jacopo Sansovino, halfway during the fifteenth century. He and his pupils put their mark on the city before the Renaissance was overwhelmed by the exuberant style of the Baroque, the style which contributed heavily to the Venice you are experiencing this day. In 1866, Venice became part of the kingdom of Italy. Twentieth century Venice mainly exists because of its visitors and their presence at the yearly local and international events, such as the 'Film-festival of Venice' and the 'Mostra Biennale Internazionale d'Arta Moderna', the latter offering an overview of modern painting and sculpture. Contributors April 03, 2006 change by giorgio ________Practical Information Edit This Hospital: Ospedale Civili Riunti di Venezia, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Tel 041 - 523 0000 Police: the "Questura" is on Via Nicoldi 21, Marghera, Tel. 041 - 271 5511 Post offices: Main office: Fondaco dei Tedeschi (near Rialto Bridge), open: Mon - Sat 8.15am-7pm. [Add Practical address] Venice Tourist office Edit This Here you can catch information about accommodation, free city maps and public transport timetables. Other tourist offices are at the train station, at the airport and at San Marco 71. type: Tourist information World66 rating: [rate it] openings: daily from 9:40am-3:30pm police Edit This Missuouri police is only 3 digits: 911 type: Embassies and Consulates World66 rating: [rate it] ________Getting Around Edit This Dorseduro Dorseduro sMorris The best way to explore the city during your Venice vacation is by foot and the second best way is also by foot. Besides giving you the opportunity to roam the narrow streets and the piazzas, it is the quickest way too: you can walk across the city in one hour. Sometimes it might be quicker to take a shortcut across the water instead of following the bends of the bridges and alleys. If you feel like doing the canals the touristy way, you can hire a gondola for 50 minutes for the price of €60 ($94US). Prices go up after sunset and make sure you confirm the price before sitting back and watching the gondoliere do all the work for you. A little bargaining might help. The Vaporetto (water bus) is most amazing method of getting around during your Venice trip; you won’t find too many public transport routes as unforgettable as vaporetto. No 1's trip along the Grand Canal. Get yourself a travel pass to ride the elusive vaporetto - single tickets don't come cheap, and are less economical if you plan to spend days travelling Venice and travelling every nook and cranny. The Vaporetto leaves frequently and cover important parts of the city. The tickets, which can be purchased at the landing stages and at shops which show the ACTV sign, costs about € 5 ($7US)(valid for one hour) . If you plan to use the “vaporetto” more often, it might be an idea to buy a 24-hour ticket € 10,50 ($16US) or a three-day pass € 22 ($34US). www.actv.it While the classic gondola ride with the opera-warbling operator is pretty touristy and expensive, the traghetto is a commuter gondola that crosses the Grand Canal at strategic points. It is the cheapest way to get into a gondola (40 cents only!). It's quite a balance test for newbies, as you have to stand. The tragehetto is marked with a green signpost. www.actv.it Water taxis (motorboats) are almost as expensive as gondolas, but their pilots don't wear stripy shirts and bellow out 'O Sole Mio'. www.actv.it Regular buses (yes, they do exist) run from one place to another, but it's probably the least exciting way to get around the city. Obviously, don't bring the rental car to Venice - you'll just be paying to leave it in a car park for the duration, and in a few car parks you’ll find yourself with a large fine afterwards. www.actv.it Taxis - the regular four-wheeled variety - do operate from Piazzale Roma. Radio Taxi: +39 041 5237774 Price for public transport tickets has actually risen to 12 euros ($19US) for the 24 hour pass and 25 ($39US) for the 3-days pass. www.actv.it And reading the text looks like you can get the bus to get around Venice, which is absolutely not true! Contributors May 24, 2008 change by mcburton August 21, 2005 change by hpharmsen April 26, 2006 change by giorgio [Add Local transport mode] tour guide Edit This Fiona Giusto fiona.giusto@libero.it fiona.giusto@tin.it World66 rating: [rate it] email: fiona.giusto@libero.it tour guide Edit This Fiona Giusto fiona.giusto@libero.it fiona.giusto@tin.it World66 rating: [rate it] email: fiona.giusto@libero.it _________ Getting There Edit This Grand Canal at Sunset Grand Canal at Sunset Giancarlo Panella Your Venice vacation will begin as soon as you land at the city's major airport. Flights to Venice arrive at the Marco Polo Airport ( www.veniceairport.it) on the eastern edge of the lagoon. Marco Polo is 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the city and it is served by most large international airlines. From Marco Polo, you take an ACTV bus nr. 5 to the city centre, which leaves every 30 minutes. Other, more expensive, options are the ATVO buses or waterbuses. www.actv.it When you enter by train, you will arrive at the Santa Lucia train station ( www.raileurope.com). From there, it is fairly easy to take a water taxi to many of the Venice hotels. If you are arriving by car, which is not advisable, you can park either at the Piazzale Roma car park or on Tronchetto (an artificial island). Be prepared to queue for a long time and a steep price. Note to travelers with difficulty carrying luggage: Taking the waterbus from the airport will drop you at the Piazza San Marco or other city centre stop. Unless your hotel is very close to the stop, you may wish to take a water taxi from the airport directly to your hotel, or else switch to a water taxi after the bus drops you off. Venice's bridges and cobblestone streets can be difficult to navigate if you have trouble hauling your bags around. Contributors June 20, 2005 change by helen May 24, 2008 change by mcburton [Add Global transport mode] venice Edit This khhlkk type: By Sea World66 rating: [rate it] ___________Festivals & Events Edit This [Add New] Carnival Edit This carnival carnival photo by: ioana, romania At the end of February, beginning of March, the traditional Venetian Carnival takes place. Dressed up in historical costumes, wearing intriguing black masks and aristocratic capes, Venetians will be celebrating either at official balls or with everyone else in the streets. They also play beautiful music to comfort the enjoying persons. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] Mostra Biennale Internazionale d'Arte Moderne Edit This International exhibition of modern art. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] Film Festival of Venice Edit This Yearly film festival held in summer. type: general World66 rating: [rate it] ________Museums Edit This Church of San Giovanni Elemosinaro By Cat Bauer After years in the Accademia Galleries, Titian's dynamic altarpiece, "St. John the Almsgiver" (c.1545) is back in its original position inside the Church of San Giovanni Elemosinario, which was reopened to the public in 2002, freshly restored. The earliest record for the church dates back to 1051, although nothing remains of the early structure, destroyed in the calamitous fire that ruined most of the Rialto area in 1513. The Senate of the Republic commissioned Antonio Abbondi, called Scarpagnino, who was then working on reconstruction of the east wing of the ducal palace, to redesign the entire district of the Rialto. Also responsible for the Fabbriche Vecchie, the porticoed buildings to the left of the Rialto Bridge, Scarpagnino tightly incorporated the present church into the surrounding buildings, making it easy to overlook. Work was concluded sometime before 1531, during the time of Doge Andrea Gritti. The Doge visited it annually on Ash Wednesday, one of the most important ecclesiastical holidays. Many guilds were based in the small church, located in the commercial heart of the city, and the classic Renaissance interior reflects the wealthy merchants' generosity. One guild, the corrieri (messengers) commissioned various paintings representing their patron saints, St. Catherine of Alexandria and St. Rocco. Most notable is the panel by Pordenone, "Saints Catherine, Sebastian and Rocco" (c. 1530-35). Two paintings by Jacopo Palma the younger, "The Martyrdom of St. Catherine" (c. 1595-99) and "Saint Rocco heals the sick" (1535) also depict the saints. Believed lost, the frescoes of the central dome attributed to Pordenone representing "The Holy Father in Glory" (c. 1531) were uncovered during restoration. To the side of the entrance stands the late Gothic bell tower, which was rebuilt between 1398-1410 after collapsing in 1361 for the second time. Cat Bauer has lived in Venice, Italy since 1998, and was a regular contributor to the International Herald Tribune's Italian supplement, Italy Daily _________Day Trips Edit This If you would like to take some time out during your Venice vacation to explore the surrounding areas, there are many day trips to choose from. You can take a quick trip to an island to explore the beaches or unique shops or you can take a wine tour to a nearby region. It's up to you! Continue reading through the listings to find out more. Contributors May 25, 2008 change by mcburton [Add Day Trip] Lido Island Edit This This 11-mile long sandbar has two large public beaches as well as hotels, shops, and restaurants. The beaches and this area of the Adriatic Sea are clean and the water is warm. Swimming is safe enough for small children. Other areas of the island comprise private beaches, three settlements, and roughly 20,000 lucky residents. Lido is also home to the Venice Film Festival ( www.labiennale.org) which takes place during the first week of September and it is also home to the only golf course in Venice - The Venice Golf Club ( www.circologolfvenezia.it). more.. World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lido Tourist Office: Gran Viale 6 Chioggia Edit This Located around a two-hour ride by boat from Venice is the City of Chioggia. Chioggia is considered the second most important city in the Venetian lagoon. Venice is, of course, the first. Chioggia features several notable canals, some worthy structures (although many are crumbling), and a more relaxed environment than Venice. An added benefit -- the boat on the way to Chioggia stops at Alberoni and Pellestrina. Both areas are popular for their beaches. To get to Chioggia, take a bus from the Lido (www.actv.it). From central Venice, take the #1 vaporetto to the Lido. more.. World66 rating: [rate it] Veneto Edit This This northeastern Italian region belongs on every visitors day trip list. The weekend is the best time to visit when crowds in Venice are thick and attractions are a lot tougher to enjoy due to the heavy tourist traffic. Veneto highlights inlcude: the villas of Andrea Palladio, the Dolomite Mountains, the wines of Veneto & Friuli, and the hill towns and villages of Veneto. Veneto is home to Italy's most famous wines including Prosecco, Amarone, and Soave -- to name a few. World66 rating: [rate it] url: www.initaly.com email: initaly@initaly.com ________Beaches Edit This San Nicolo Beach, Venice Lido San Nicolo Beach, Venice Lido Brompton As many people know, coasts are always changing. Forces from the winds and waves erode coastlines and can dramatically change the landscape in as little as 100 years. An excellent example of this is the Venetian coast in Italy’s Settentrione regions of the north. Venice is the capital of the Veneto region which is in the country’s northeast corner. The coast faces out to the open sea and the force of wind and waves have, over time, built up the small islands and marshes on which Venice was built. Venice was built as a port and was the trading centre of the western world. Its secluded location within a lagoon is bordered by the islands of Lido and Pellestrina and the sand beaches of Cavallino and Sottomarina. These long narrow islands keep the lagoon secluded and Venice very much protected from the elements of Mother Nature, except for one. During the winter months, global warming causes the normal level of the Adriatic Sea to rise. Even a small increase of the sea level can flood most of the city. Venetians have named this continual flooding "acqua alta" meaning high water. Infact, experts say that in as little as fifty years, the city could be entirely submerged. The death of Venice wouldn’t only destroy the city but will take with it some of the world’s best examples of Baroque Art and Architecture. After centuries of flooding, the Istrian stone foundations of the city are slowly crumbling more and more each year. Amazingly, the damage in Piazza San Marco is so bad that the extravagant Basilica of Saint Mark, the most famous church in Venice and one of the most famous in Italy, is leaning slightly to the left due to its unstable foundation. But the sinking of Venice, as terrible as it is, is only part of the problem. The islands of Lido and Pellestrina and the sand beaches of Cavallino and Sottomarina are slowly being scoured away more and more each year due to the rising Adriatic. During the summer months, replenishment is less than it was in the past due to the construction of homes and buildings along the shore and the destruction of vital sand dunes. The building of groynes and sea walls, which were intended to solve the problem, have done nothing but further worsened the situation. Continual scouring of sand would have eventually lead to the destruction of the islands, which in turn, would have opened the lagoon leaving nothing to protect Venice from the raging sea. In the mid 90s, a large Italian firm called Mantovani S.p.A employed hundreds of people to take part in the biggest sand replenishment project the country had ever seen. Even before the project, Mantovani was renowned for its excellence in sand replenishment after bringing the then narrow beach of Lido di Camaiore in Tuscany back to its former glory as one of the country’s best beaches. Pellestrina was the most narrow of the three islands which bordered the lagoon and was the first to undergo replenishment. Large oil tankers were used to collect thousands of cubic metres of sand from the sea floor near San Marino and transported north to Pellestrina where the sand was pumped onto the beach. Levellers and bulldozers were used to spread the sand out over a large area of the beach. This process was repeated to a lesser extent at Lido and also at Sottomarina and Cavallino. Though the sand replenishment scheme has stabilised the islands for now, one more problem remains. Venice continues to be flooded each year due to the fact that the lagoon isn’t completely enclosed. The openings or “mouths” between the islands still allow the level of the lagoon to rise during the times of “acqua alta.” However, this is a good thing, for if these mouths didn’t exist and it was confined completely, the lagoon wouldn’t be able to rid itself of pollution therefore turning it into a stagnant pond. A massive, two billion dollar solution to this problem has already begun construction. Project Moses calls for rows of 20 metre wide gates at three locations: the mouth of Lido, the mouth of Malamocco, and the mouth of Chioggia. At normal sea level, the gates lie flat of the sea floor and are not visible from the surface. An increase of 70 cm will activate the three rows of gates and compressed air will be pumped into them causing them to rise to the surface and separate the lagoon from the sea. When the period of high water is over, the air is released and the gates lower. This project will create 1,200 jobs and will take 8 years to complete. Venice has been known for centuries as the world’s most unique city. A city built on water which contains some of the most famous and valuable artwork and the best examples of Baroque and Byzantine architecture in the world. Though past battles between man and Mother Nature rarely have happy endings, the safeguarding of Venice and its coast will protect one of the world’s most romantic and fascinating cities for centuries to come. _________Nightlife and Entertainment Edit This Centrale Restaurant Lounge Centrale Restaurant Lounge Eugenio Boni It is most probable that during your Venice vacation you have less nights to spend in this city than possibilities to go out. Theatres, cinemas, pubs, and bars offer pleasure and diversion from dusk till dawn. Some of the greater discos are located outside around Mestre or Jesolo but even in the heart of Venice you will find small and cozy pubs or clubs. Pay attention to the fact that some of the discos have limited opening hours (mostly Wed & Sat, special summer opening hours). Contributors May 25, 2008 change by mcburton Display all or display just: Bars & Pubs Casinos Discos & Dancing Jazz Pubs Wine bars Show best rated on top | Show in alphabetical order [Add Entertainment place] Bacaro Jazz Edit This You can call this Venice restaurant a small-plate restaurant, a tapas restaurant, a Cichetti restaurant or one of Venice's best bars. Whatever you call it, one thing is clear -- Bacaro is one of the top spots in Venice for tasty fare and listening to Jazz. Bacaro has an excellent selection of Jazz music from Miles Davis and John Coltrane to Billy Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald. The bar has one of the largest selection of cocktails in Venice as well. The kitchen is open from 1:00 p.m.-2:00 a.m. (possibly the latest open kitchen in the city) and the bar has more.. type: Jazz World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041-5285249 url: www.bacarojazz.com address: San Marco 5546 email: info@bacarojazz.com Green Pub Edit This Expensive but very popular and sometimes overcrowded pub near Campo Santa Margherita. type: Bars & Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dorsoduro, 3053/a , Venezia openinghours: every evening tel: 041-5205976 Fiddler's Elbow Irish Pub Edit This Cozy and very popular Irish pub. Inexpensive and snuggy. Good beer, good ambiance. Great place to watch football and down a few pints. And there's also a Kebab shop right next door for a deliscious snack. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: Cannaregio 3847, Venezia openinghours: every evening tel: 041 5239930 Torino@notte Edit This Torino@notte is a music bar located just a three minutes walk away from Piazza San Marco. To check DJ's and concerts, have a look at their webpage. type: Discos & Dancing World66 rating: [rate it] address: Campo San Luca, San Marco 459 Marina Club Edit This Neo-lounge atmosphere, disco with bar, restaurant and enoteca (!), opens at 8pm. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Jesolo Lido, Via Roma dx tel: +39 (0)421.370645 Harry's Bar Edit This This is the famous original, the home of the Carpacio dish. The story is that the owner of Harry's bar, Arrigo Cipriani, loved the brighyly colored paintings of the Venetian painter Carpacio so much that he decided to create a dish in Carpacio's honour. Wafer-thin slices of raw meat, garnished with flakes of Parmesan cheese, finely sliced white truffle, olive oil, lemon juice and salt. Beware: do not expect any Venetians to visit Harry's Bar. It's expensive and it's a place just for tourists. Justin : Nice, but expensive. 5 Euro for tea. Better go more.. type: Bars & Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] email: harrys@gpnet.it address: San Marco 1323, 30124 Venezia tel: 041.5285777 R.A. Capo Horn Pub Edit This Pub & Bar located near Campo Santa Margherita, unexpensive and popular, snacks available. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] email: capohornpub@2night.it address: Dorsoduro 3740, Venezia openinghours: daily (clodes only sunday morning) tel: +39 (0)41 - 5242177 Molo 5 - Molocinque Edit This The Molocinque is more than only a disco: enjoy the restaurant and pizzeria lounge as well as the music of the 70's, live concerts or latin music. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Via dell'elettricità 8 Marghera openinghours: Mon - Fri noon - 3pm and Wed - Sun 8pm - 4am tel: 041.928538 or 0335.8190377 Cafe Blue Edit This Laid-back bar where locals and tourists mix to create a fun atmopshere. Right next to it is Cafe Noir, another very similar bar, so most patrons hang out in the streets between the two, creating a unique atmosphere. It definitely is a great bar, have had a ton of fun there meeting people. Generally it is only other tourists you meet though. The locals hang out amongst themselves for the most part. If u want to traste the real absinth ask there for theis special menu.. anf have fun! There is WiFi connection and few computers with the Free Internet access. Also more.. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Dosoduro - past Campo San Margarita tel: +39 041 710227 email: cafebluevenezia@hotmail.com ClosingTime: 02am Simply Blonde Edit This Popular pub with preferences in rock, blues, funk and reggae music. type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] address: Via Orsato 18, Marghera openinghours: 6pm - 2am daily tel: 041 - 928181 Inishark Irish Pub Edit This This elegant, but fun Irish Pub attracts a young crowd -- tourists and locals alike, but all are welcome here, of course. Pints of Guinness are the drink of choice and watching live football games is always on the menu. Inishark Irish Pub is closed on Mondays. type: Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] ClosingTime: 6:30 p.m.-1:30 a.m., closed Monday tel: +39 041 5235300 address: Calle del Mondo Novo 5787 Castello Delizia Jazz Cafe Edit This type: Bars & Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: via Circonvallazione 1, Salzano (VE) tel: 041 5745801 Ai do Mori Edit This Probably one of the best. It's a bit hard to find but it's just west of the market near Rialto bridge. It is the place where the market salesmen hang out and have their drinks. They have many wines open and an enourmous choice in smal bites to eat. type: Wine bars World66 rating: [rate it] address: Calle dei Do Mori tel: 00 39 041 522 5401 Il Muretto Edit This Disco and Cocktail bar located in Jesolo, average prizes, for more info see their webpage type: Discos & Dancing World66 rating: [rate it] email: info@ilmuretto.net address: Via Roma Destra 120/d, Jesolo openinghours: 11pm - 4am, only Sat and summer Wed tel: 042 - 1371310 Antica Ruga Rialto Edit This Bar and restaurant specialized in Irish beer (Guiness) and local dishes - a typical Venetian Cicchettery. type: Bars & Pubs World66 rating: [rate it] address: San Polo 692, Venezia openinghours: 18.30 - midnight Orange Restaurant & Champagne Lounge Edit This Orange Restaurant & Champagne Lounge has a lot going for it. For starters, it has the first terrace in Campo Santa Margherita open to the public and it also offers a libation for every taste. Orange has 60 various brands of Italian wine, 20 international brands, a variety of champagnes, and a wide assortment of cocktails. The cuisine is hearty and includes such dishes as the American hamburger, fish dishes, and a variety of meat and grilled dishes. Entertainment runs the gamut from mega-screens to watch the game to lounge and "chill" music for your listening pleasure. This more.. type: Wine bars World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041 5234740 url: www.orangebar.it address: Campo Santa Margherita - Dorsoduro 3054/a email: info@orangebar.it Casino' Municipale Di Venezia Edit This At Casino Municipale you can gamble (if you're feeling very lucky) or you can hang out at the bar, grab a bite to eat at the restaurant or watch the floor show -- it's up to you! To get there, all you have to do is catch a ride on the Casino Express from railway stations Piazzale Roma or Piazzetta San Marco. The Casino Express will drop you right at the Casino' Municipale Di Venezia dock. How's that for convenience? www.raileurope.com type: Casinos World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041 5297111 url: www.casinovenezia.it address: Cannaregio, 2040 30121 Venezia Vino Vino Edit This Vino Vino (1720-2008) is the mother of all wine bars with more than 350 Italian and imported wines to choose from. Wines are offered by the bottle or by the glass. Expect a mixed crowd of everything from trendy types and wealthy types to clueless tourists. Vino Vino also serves food. Pastas, fish, and fowl are all on the menu. type: Wine bars World66 rating: [rate it] ClosingTime: Open 11:30 a.m.-11:30 p.m. tel: +39 041 2417688 url: www.anticomartini.com address: San Marco 2007/A 30124 Venice email: vinovino@anticomartini.com _________Festivals Edit This Blog: [Add Festival] emmat Edit This there is a festival called carnevale di veneziait is when every one weres masks buy one create one be one have fun World66 rating: [rate it] ______Things to do Edit This photo One of the most exciting and rewarding things to do during your Venice vacation is walk around and get lost in the many calle's (alleys) and campo's (squares). Getting lost will inevitably lead to so many interesting Venice activities, you just might forget about the list of things to do you created in your Venice hotel the night before. All parts of Venice are equally beautiful (and many are serene) so check them out before heading to the crowded (but well worth the visit) Piazza San Marco (St. Mark's Square) area. Of course, taking a ride in a gondola is one of the main attractions of Venice, but they tend to be very expensive ( www.actv.it). So please brush up on your bargaining skills before setting out on your trip to Venice. Contributors May 25, 2008 change by mcburton Italian Food Shopping Edit This i I tre Mercanti, Ponte della Guerra near San Marco Square In this shop you will find the best italian food from all over the country, more than 100 sauces for pasta and over 100 different italian wines chose from the best wineyards. Huge selection of olive oil from all the regions, Balsamic Vinegar up to 50 years old. Truffle paradise from white to black truffles, whole and in paste. English and French spoken, they deliver all over the world. Some important tip on buying food in venice: Coloured pasta is not a traditional italian or venetian food, only tourists buy it, an more.. type: Other World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39041522290 url: www.itremercanti.it address: Castello 5364 - 30122 - Venezia email: info@itremercanti.it Going to the loo Edit This go to the loo in italy. it's the best! type: Spa and Sauna World66 rating: [rate it] accessibility: okay tel: 01445 678342 address: 9 venice avenue email: spdfhashf@yahoo.co.uk The Grand Canal Edit This Grand views, galleries, museums, and beautiful Venetian Gothic style palaces -- these are just a few of the sights visitors will see while floating down the Grand Canal in a vaporetto (Venice waterbus). Another way to explore the Grand Canal is by Gondola or motorboat. The Grand Canal begins at Piazetta San Marco and ends at the rail station. www.raileurope.com type: Sailing World66 rating: [rate it] Lido Island Edit This This 11-mile long sandbar has two large public beaches as well as hotels, shops, and restaurants. The beaches and this area of the Adriatic Sea are clean and the water is warm. Swimming is safe enough for small children. Other areas of the island comprise private beaches, three settlements, and roughly 20,000 lucky residents. Lido is also home to the Venice Film Festival, which takes place during the first week of September and it is also home to the only golf course in Venice - The Venice Golf Club ( www.circologolfvenezia.it). To get to Lido, you will find many water more.. type: Going to the Beach World66 rating: [rate it] address: Lido Tourist Office: Gran Viale 6 The Venice Golf Club Edit This Lido is home to the only golf course in Venice - The Venice Golf Club (www.circologolfvenezia.it). Other highlights inlcude: the Grand Hotel des Bains, the Venice Casino, and the Grand Hotel Excelsior. To get to Lido, you will find many water buses that service the island. From Venice, take the 1, 6, 11, 52 or 82. type: Golf World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041 731333 url: www.circologolfvenezia.it address: Indirizzo: Strada Vecchia, 1, 30126 - Alberoni, Lido di Venezia (VE) email: info@circologolfvenezia.it Venice International Film Festival Edit This If your Venice vacation happens to take place between late August-early September, you absolutely must spend a day at the Venice Film Festival. Second only to Cannes, The Venice Film Festival features showings between 9:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. in areas throughout the Palazzo del Cinema on the Lido. type: Other World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041 5218711 url: www.labiennale.org address: Venice Film Festival, the La Biennale Office, Ca Giustinian Museo Storico Navale (Naval History Museum) Edit This Some of the most interesting items are on display at Museo Storico Navale such as a lavish gondola that belonged to Peggy Guggenheim and several sheds where several historic barges are displayed. The Museum has three floors. The first contains a collection of Second World War torpedoes and artillery pieces as well as a 16th century frieze by Fernando Bertelli. The second floor contains a collection of model ships and it is also dedicated to naval hero Admiral Morosini. The third floor houses several decorative 17th and 18th century gondola prows as well as large collection of more.. type: Other World66 rating: [rate it] tel: +39 041 5200276 address: Campo San Biago, Castello 2148 Pilazzo Pisani Edit This Located between the Bridge of Rialto and the Ca'Foscari's vault, Palazzo Pisani stands at one of the most beautiful points along the Grand Canal. The architecture is significant, due in part, to the palace’s façade, which features two levels of Gothic mulliones windows. Inside, Baroque decoration can be found throughout by the best Venetian artists of the XVIIIth Century such as Giuseppe Angeli, Gaspere Diziani, Giambattista Tiepoloi, and Jacopo Guarana. Other points of interest include the grand staircase, antique furnishings, and the palace's art collections. type: Other World66 rating: [rate it] The Giardinetti Reali (The Royal Gardens) Edit This The Venice Royal Gardens are only around one acre. Although small, the gardens are the perfect place to relax or take a stroll. The park features gorgeous landscaping, colorful flowerbeds, plenty of foliage, and a good number of benches for sitting and reflecting on the days unforgettable activities. The Royal Gardens are located between St. Mark's Square and the water. The gardens are open to the public and admission is free. type: Other |
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia
Estratto da "http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" VeneziaDa Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.
Venezia (Venessia in veneto) è la principale città veneta e dell'Italia nord-orientale, il suo comune conta 266.181 abitanti, è capoluogo dell'omonima provincia e della regione Veneto. Sorge sulla laguna veneta nell'omonimo golfo e dista 28 km da Treviso e circa 30 da Padova. L'intera città con tutta la Laguna è stata dichiarata, nel 1979, patrimonio dell'umanità dall'UNESCO.
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Storia
Non si hanno notizie certe sulle origini della città: sembra tuttavia che Venezia sia nata a seguito del flusso di rifugiati che abbandonarono la pianura padana sotto la spinta dell'invasione Longobarda del nord Italia nel 568. La laguna veneta era già da lungo tempo in parte abitata da genti dedite alla pesca, alla produzione del sale, ai trasporti marittimi e alle altre attività mercantili connesse. Al riguardo si ricordano la piccola comunità di Torcello a pochi chilometri da Altino e l’insediamento di Grado vicino ad Aquileia. Cassiodoro intorno ai primi decenni del VI secolo ci da un dettagliato quadro della vita in laguna di quei tempi. La leggenda racconta la nascita di Venezia il 25 marzo del 421 (fonte: lo storico Alvise Zorzi), nelle sperdute e deserte isolette, lungo il corso di un profondo canale denominato rio-lato, rivo-lato, rivus-prealtus, rivus-altis, oggi Rialto. I Veneti della terraferma vi trovarono rifugio a seguito delle varie ondate di invasioni barbariche che si succedettero dal V secolo: all’inizio furono insediamenti temporanei, in attesa che l’invasore passasse, per poi divenire stabili una volta che i rifugiati si abituarono alla vita lagunare e la trovarono piú sicura e preferibile all’incertezza delle città e delle campagne da cui provenivano. Cosí gradualmente, nel corso dei secoli sorse una nuova città sull’acqua che divenne Venezia, sulle sue 118 isole. Una carta tedesca di Venezia (1888) Posta al confine culturale dell'Impero Bizantino, sviluppò un forte spirito d'indipendenza che la portò ad essere una delle città stato che formarono le Repubbliche marinare, insieme a Genova, Pisa e Amalfi. Il capo del governo era il Doge (dal latino dux), teoricamente eletto a vita, ma in pratica, spesso costretto a rimettere il proprio mandato a seguito di risultati insoddisfacenti del proprio governo. All'apice della sua potenza, Venezia controllava gran parte delle coste dell'Adriatico, molte delle isole dell'Egeo, inclusa Creta, era la principale potenza militare e tra le principali forze mercantili nel Medio oriente. Il territorio della repubblica in Italia si estendeva fino al Lago di Garda ed al fiume Adda. Rispetto agli standard del tempo, il governo dei propri territori fu illuminato e molte delle città controllate da Venezia, come Bergamo, Brescia e Verona rivendicarono la sovranità veneziana durante la minaccia di invasioni straniere. Da un punto di vista di religioso, la Repubblica di Venezia fu sempre gelosa della propria autonomia in campo ecclesiastico e caratterizzata da relativa tolleranza nei confronti di altre confessioni. Questo atteggiamento indipendente pose la città spesso in contrasto con il Papato. In una lunga controversia con il questo, Venezia affidò la difesa delle sue posizioni al teologo veneto, il servita fra Paolo Sarpi che si meritò la gratitudine della Repubblica. Il 21 novembre 1630 il Senato di Venezia fece un solenne voto: se fosse cessata la peste che stava imperversando, sarebbe stato eretto un imponente tempio alla Madonna. Dagli annali risulta che proprio da quel giorno non si ebbero più notizie di vittime della peste. I Veneziani mantennero così il voto, ed edificarono subito il tempio che porta il nome di Madonna della Salute, in stile barocco. Nel XVIII secolo Venezia fu tra le città più raffinate d'Europa, con una forte influenza sull'arte, l'architettura e la letteratura del tempo. Il territorio della Repubblica Veneta comprendeva Veneto, Istria, Dalmazia, Cattaro e parte della Lombardia. Ma dopo 1070 anni d'indipendenza, il 12 maggio 1797 la città venne conquistata da Napoleone Bonaparte. Il Doge Ludovico Manin viene costretto da Napoleone ad abdicare. Venne sciolto il Consiglio della Repubblica e venne proclamato il Governo Provvisorio della Municipalità di Venezia. Il 16 maggio 1797 le truppe francesi occupano la città. Con la restaurazione ed il Trattato di Campoformio tra francesi ed austriaci, il 17 ottobre 1797 cessa di esistere la Municipalità provvisoria di Venezia e vengono ceduti all'Austria il Veneto, l'Istria, la Dalmazia e le Bocche di Cattaro. Nasce la Provincia Veneta dell'Austria sotto Francesco II d'Asburgo Lorena, con l'ingresso degli austriaci in città il 18 gennaio 1798. A seguito della restaurazione dopo il periodo napoleonico, il 9 giugno 1815 con il congresso di Vienna Venezia passa al Regno Lombardo-Veneto e nel 1866 entra a far parte del Regno d'Italia.
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Evoluzione demograficaVenezia dall'alto Abitanti censiti
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Amministrazione
Sindaco:
Massimo Cacciari dal 18/04/2005
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MunicipalitàIl comune di Venezia è amministrativamente suddiviso nelle seguenti municipalità:
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GemellaggiVenezia è gemellata con:
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Accordi di cooperazione
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La città
Oggi la città di Venezia è divisa nei sei sestieri di Dorsoduro, Santa Croce, San Polo, San Marco, Cannaregio e Castello, si sviluppa su ben 118 isolette collegate da 354 ponti e divise da 177 tra rii e canali. Piazza San Marco può essere considerato il "centro del centro" della città, per definizione unica piazza di Venezia (le altre sono in realtà "campi" o "campielli"), una delle più belle al mondo, vi si trovano l'omonima basilica, il Palazzo Ducale ed il campanile di San Marco. Un altro simbolo della città è il Ponte di Rialto su cui si affacciano le caratteristiche botteghe. Alcuni altri importanti monumenti veneziani sono l'Arsenale, la chiesa di Santa Maria della Salute, la basilica di Santa Maria gloriosa dei Frari, le sinagoghe del Ghetto. I canali principali della città sono il Canal Grande ed il Canale della Giudecca. Il primo taglia in due la città tracciando una "S", il secondo separa il centro storico propriamente detto dall'isola della Giudecca.
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L'acqua alta a VeneziaIl fenomemo dell'acqua alta è frequente nel periodo autunnale. L'acqua alta allaga buona parte della città rendendo difficile camminare per calli e campi. È tuttavia possibile trovare le passarelle che sono tavole di legno appoggiate su dei supporti in ferro che dovrebbero servire a creare percorsi "asciutti". Per la misurazione dell'acqua alta i sistemi elettronici si basano sull'altezza di marea della Punta della Salute e su una serie di altri punti di rilevazione. Il tutto viene elaborato in un modello di previsione che permette di avvisare la popolazione per tempo con sirene posizionate in punti strategici che avvertono dell'imminente acqua alta. Da alcuni anni è in corso il progetto Mose che dovrebbe permettere la riduzione del fenomeno per mezzo di barriere mobili ancorate al fondo delle bocche della laguna ed alzabili con il riempimento di galleggianti. Il progetto è da alcuni molto criticato.
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I monumenti di Venezia
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Chiese
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Musei
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Palazzi
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Piazze e Campi
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Ponti
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Altro
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Dintorni di VeneziaAltri punti degni di nota sono le isole più distanti dalla città: Murano, Burano, Torcello, il Lido di Venezia e Pellestrina. Torcello, a torto spesso considerata la minore delle isole lagunari, vanta un ricco e nobile passato, anche se oggi conta poche decine di abitanti. La superficie dell'isola è oggi per lo più destinata a coltivazione. L'isola delle Vignole sulla cui estremità è ubicata un'opera difensiva cinquecentesca molto interessante e ben conservata: il Forte di Sant'Andrea. Pellestrina delimita assieme al Lido, alla penisola di Chioggia e alla penisola di Jesolo, la laguna. Il Lido di Venezia è una striscia di terra che si affaccia sul mare. È percorribile in auto ed è considerata la località balneabile per eccellenza di Venezia. Burano salta subito all'occhio per le sue case dai colori vivaci, è famosa per per il tipico artigianato del merletto. Murano è forse l'isola più famosa della Laguna, se si eccettua la città di Venezia; qui c'è una grande e famosissima tradizione nella lavorazione artigianale del vetro.
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Eventi
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Venezia nelle arti e nella culturaA Venezia sono ambientati numerosi romanzi e film.
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Film
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Bibliografia
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Voci correlate
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Voci storiche
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Altre voci
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Collegamenti esterni
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Webcam
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venise Cronologia/Autori: http://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venise&action=history VeniseUn article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.
Pour les articles
homonymes, voir
Venise (homonymie).
Venise (Venezsia en vénitien, Venezia en italien), la Cité des Doges, est une ville du nord-est de l'Italie et capitale de la région de la Vénétie, dans la plaine du Pô. Fondée peu après 568, capitale pendant huit siècles (1001-1797) de l'un des plus prestigieux États européens: la République de Venise, la ville est célèbre pour ses canaux, sa place Saint-Marc, son palais des Doges ainsi que son carnaval. Venise comptait 268 934 habitants fin 2006[1]. Venise et sa lagune sont inscrites au patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO.
Histoire [modifier]
Articles détaillés :
Histoire de Venise et
Chronologie de Venise.
La région à l'extrémité nord-ouest de la mer Adriatique, où se jettent plusieurs fleuves issus des Alpes, est habitée dès l'Antiquité par des pêcheurs, mariniers et sauniers. Cette zone faisait partie de la région X créée par Auguste ; Aquilée — sur la terre ferme — était le centre religieux et portuaire important. Les invasions des Goths d'Alaric Ier et des Huns d'Attila poussent les populations locales à se réfugier dans les îles des marais situés le long de la mer Adriatique, près du delta du Pô. En 452, un premier établissement est fondé par des réfugiés de Padoue et d'Aquilée. La région échut, par la suite, au royaume des Ostrogoths puis fut reconquise avec le reste de l'Italie par le général Bélisaire, devenant une province de l'Empire romain d'orient sous Justinien Ier. La ville de Venise a été fondée vers la fin du VIe siècle par des habitants des régions voisines venus se réfugier en nombre dans les îles de la lagune formée par l'estuaire du Pô après l'invasion de l'Italie du nord par les Lombards en 568. En effet, cette zone marécageuse, difficile d'accès pour des navires à quille, était restée sous la juridiction de l'exarchat de Ravenne, province de l'Empire romain d'Orient. Elle fut donc initialement un refuge de la civilisation romano-byzantine, mais au fur et à mesure de son développement, son autonomie s'accrut pour aboutir à l'indépendance. Profitant de l'antagonisme entre l'exarchat de Ravenne et les Lombards, les Vénitiens élargirent leur marge de manoeuvre politique et se dotèrent d'un pouvoir local incarné par le premier duc ou « doge », Paolucio Anafesto (697-717), personnage aux confins de la légende et de l'histoire. La ville de Venise ne devint réellement indépendante qu'après le retrait des Byzantins de l'Adriatique, peu après l'an 1000, lors de l'émergence du royaume de Hongrie. La cité-État s'appuya dès lors sur la mer pour étendre son pouvoir.
Article détaillé :
République de Venise.
Le commerce du sel, puis le dynamisme commercial vers la Méditerranée orientale, entraîna une forte croissance de la ville. Après la 4e croisade, que Venise détourna sur Constantinople, la République s'empare des richesses de l'Empire byzantin et se constitue un empire maritime constitué par la plupart des îles grecques et dalmates. Elle le complète en conquérant la Dalmatie continentale, l'Istrie et un vaste domaine entre les Alpes et le Pô, incluant les cités de Bergame, Brescia, Vérone, Padoue, Trévise et Udine. Elle entre en conflit avec Gênes, sa grande rivale en Italie du nord et en Méditerranée. Au XIVe siècle, Venise était le plus important port de Méditerranée, surclassant son ancienne métropole Constantinople. Il lui fallut conquérir des terres sur la lagune pour étendre la surface urbaine de la cité. Son déclin commença avec la progression turque en Méditerranée (qui la priva progressivement de toutes ses terres grecques, à l'exception des Îles Ioniennes, et de ses accès aux débouchés de la Route de la Soie) et s'accentua à cause du détournement du commerce européen vers les océans (découverte de l'Amérique). Mais Venise avait maintenu son rayonnement culturel, en devenant la ville européenne la plus élégante et raffinée du XVIIIe siècle, avec une forte influence sur l'art, l'architecture et la littérature. Redevenue politiquement un état italien parmi d'autres, Venise fut annexée par Napoléon Bonaparte le 12 mai 1797, durant la première coalition. L'invasion des Français mit un terme à près de 800 ans d'indépendance; en revanche, Napoléon fut perçu comme une sorte de libérateur par la population pauvre et juive de Venise, république aristocratique où le pouvoir et la plupart des richesses étaient monopolisés par quelques familles. Napoléon supprima les barrières du Ghetto ainsi que les restrictions de circulation imposées aux Juifs.
Article détaillé :
Ghetto de Venise.
Entre 1797 et 1805 Napoléon, par le Traité de Campo-Formio, livra Venise et ses territoires aux Habsbourg en échange de la Belgique, puis il la leur reprit pour l'intégrer au royaume d'Italie dont il se fit couronner roi. À la fin de l'époque napoléonienne, ce royaume d'Italie fut intégré dans l'Empire d'Autriche de 1815 à 1866. La domination Autrichienne sur Venise et la Vénétie ne s'acheva que le 3 octobre 1866 après sa défaite de Sadowa contre l'alliance Prusso-Italienne. Venise est, au sein de l'Italie, un chef-lieu de province, devenu progressivement un des hauts-lieux du tourisme mondial. Après la Première guerre mondiale, l'Italie revendiqua à l'Autriche vaincue l'ensemble des territoires jadis vénitiens, mais se heurta aux revendications yougoslaves et n'obtînt au Traité de Rapallo que l'Istrie, la ville de Zara en Dalmatie et les îles de Veglia, Cherso et Lagosta. Le ressentiment développé à ce moment contribua au succès ultérieur de Mussolini. Après la Deuxième guerre mondiale, l'Italie perdit aussi ces possessions au profit de la Yougoslavie, ne conservant que Trieste qui ne fait pas partie des territoires jadis vénitiens, mais où les populations italophones expulsées de Yougoslavie se réfugièrent. Géographie et transports [modifier]
Lagune de Venise
Vue aérienne
Site [modifier]Venise occupe une situation géographique exceptionnelle, dans une lagune de la mer Adriatique. Les principales autres îles de la lagune sont : le Lido, Murano, Burano, Torcello. Sans oublier : San Michele (l'île cimetière de la ville), San Erasmo, Mazzorbo, Le Vignole, Certosa, San Francesco del Deserto, San Giacomo in Paludo, San Servolo, San Lazzaro degli Armeni, Giudecca. La ville est parcourue par 177 canaux, 400 ponts et s'étend sur 118 îles situées entre l'embouchure de l'Adige (au sud) et du Piave (au nord). Le centre historique est entièrement piétonnier, les canaux faisant fonction de route, et les divers bateaux sont l'unique moyen de transport avec la marche à pied. Venise est une ville contre nature, constatait déjà Chateaubriand. Au XIXe siècle, un pont ferroviaire relie Venise au continent et une gare y est construite. Au XXe siècle, une liaison routière fut également établie, menant à un grand parking en périphérie nord. Malgré ces aménagements, Venise demeure au XXIe siècle la seule ville de taille importante à être libre d'automobiles et de camions. Le transport individuel traditionnel est la gondole vénitienne, bien qu'elle ne soit quasiment plus utilisée que par les touristes ou pour des occasions particulières (cérémonies, mariages et enterrements). Son coût est en effet prohibitif. Les Vénitiens utilisent surtout des bateaux-autobus, appelés vaporetti, qui desservent les différentes îles en sillonnant les principaux canaux. Il existe également nombre d'embarcations privées. Les seules gondoles non motorisées encore fréquemment utilisées sont les traghetti, des bacs pour piétons qui traversent le Grand Canal à quelques endroits dépourvus de pont.
Climat [modifier]Le climat de Venise, comme celui de la plaine du Pô, est à tendance continental, marqué par des hivers qui peuvent être rigoureux et par des étés moites. Le maximum des précipitations est en été, avec des pluies orageuses.
Transports [modifier]Venise est desservie par l'aéroport international Marco Polo, en l'honneur de cet ancien et célèbre citoyen vénitien. L'aéroport est situé sur le continent et a été reconstruit à l'intérieur des terres, de sorte que les visiteurs doivent prendre le bus puis un bateau-taxi ou un bateau-bus pour se rendre dans la ville.
Economie [modifier]
Pendant un millénaire, Venise a été une ville de marchands et ses institutions ont été rédigées à leur profit. Le commerce a contribué à sa puissance et sa puissance était associée à la mer. Après la décadence du XIXe siècle, la ville a vu se développer au cours du XXe siècle les industries du tourisme et de la chimie. Le secteur dominant de l’économie vénitienne est celui des services (tourisme, transports, activité financière et immobilière) : 44% des entreprises et 40% de emploi. Le deuxième secteur d’activité est le commerce (28% des entreprises et 20% de l’emploi), suivent les entreprises du bâtiment (14% des entreprises et 10% de l’emploi). Cette dernière activité est en régression depuis les dernières décennies. (données 2001)[2]
L'avenir de Venise [modifier]Les bâtiments de Venise sont construits sur des piliers de bois (voir ci-dessous). Ils sont exposés à la menace de marées, notamment entre l'automne et le début du printemps. La ville est périodiquement inondée. C'est ce que les vénitiens appellent acqua alta. Ce phénomène a toujours existé, mais s'est largement amplifié ces dernières décennies sous l'influence conjuguée de plusieurs causes relatives au climat et à l'activité humaine :
Venise sous les inondations de l'acqua alta
Les conséquences sont importantes dans la vie quotidienne des habitants, qui doivent abandonner les niveaux inférieurs des maisons et emprunter des systèmes de passerelles pour se déplacer. Mais les conséquences les plus importantes sont la détérioration inexorable des monuments historiques et de l'habitat due à la montée des eaux et l'apport qui s'en suit de produits nocifs à la pierre et à la brique. On ne sait pas mesurer avec précision l'affaissement de Venise, et son évolution est un sujet de controverse. La dernière initiative, initiée par un consortium d'industriels italiens, consiste à poser 79 portes mobiles dans les trois passes de la lagune pour protéger la ville. Ces portes, en temps normal, seraient remplies d'eau et lors des marées supérieures à un mètre, elles évacueraient cette eau en faisant pénétrer de l'air, ce qui aura pour conséquence de dresser les portes. Ainsi la lagune sera séparée de la mer par une véritable barrière. Le projet, nommé MOSE (Module expérimental électromagnétique) a démarré en 2003 et les travaux doivent se poursuivre jusqu'en 2011. Il suscite aujourd'hui de nombreuses polémiques notamment au vu de son coût pharaonique et du doute de plus en plus répandu parmi les scientifiques et les spécialistes des marées sur l'efficacité effective de ce système qui ne serait réellement utile que pour les très grandes marées.
Monuments & lieux réputés [modifier]
Techniques de construction [modifier]Les îlots de la lagune de Venise, composés de matériaux de remblais et alluvionnaires ne permettaient pas de construction traditionnelle car le sol humide et instable ne pouvait supporter le poids des bâtiments. La solution a été l'utilisation de pilotis, permettant la construction au dessus de l’eau. La technique consiste à enfoncer ceux-ci dans le sol afin de leur faire porter une plate forme constituée de madriers en chêne et en mélèze solidement attachés les uns aux autres, consolidant et nivelant le terrain. Ainsi par exemple, afin d’ériger la Basilique Santa Maria della salute, les vénitiens utilisèrent 1 006 657 pilotis de 4 mètres de long, en chêne, aulne et mélèze. Les contraintes liées à une construction sur l’eau avec des pilotis comme fondations font que les palais sont conçus à l’inverse des règles traditionnelles de l’architecture. En effet si dans les palais terrestres, l'usage veut que l’on commence par les fondations sur lesquelles on pose l’infrastructure destinée à supporter le poids de l’ensemble architectural, à Venise la méthode est totalement inversée : on pose d’abord une grande "boîte" sur des portiques afin de transmettre la charge directement aux pilotis des fondations par un système d'arcs et de voûtes appropriés.
Églises [modifier]
Îles de la lagune [modifier]
Musées [modifier]
Principaux peintres vénitiens [modifier]
Palais [modifier]
Places et Campi [modifier]
Ponts [modifier]
Divers [modifier]
Galerie [modifier]
Culture [modifier]
Festivals et événements [modifier]
Artistes fascinés par Venise [modifier]
Artistes et artisans de Venise [modifier]
Venise et la littérature [modifier]
Divers [modifier]
Littérature et Guides à propos de Venise [modifier]
Affiche touristique des années 1920
Venise au cinéma [modifier]
Les autres « Venise » [modifier]Plusieurs villes du nord de l'Europe, revendiquent le nom de « Venise du Nord » eu égard à leurs canaux :
En Chine, Suzhou, est la Venise d'Asie, malheureusement de plus en plus défigurée par le modernisme ambiant. Venise est jumelée avec Suzhou.
Venise fascine [modifier]
Administration [modifier]le territoire de la commune de Venise comprend plusieurs municipalités distinctes :
Le Maire de Venise n'est pas élu par la seule partie dite historique de Venise, mais par l'ensemble des municipalités du territoire, qui pèsent nettement plus en termes de population que les habitants du centre historique de Venise. Venise fut longtemps un fief du PCI, le Parti Communiste Italien, dont Massimo Cacciari était membre. A la mort d'Enrico Berlinguer, il s'éloigna du parti, devenant proche de Romano Prodi. Massimo Cacciari a été élu Maire (sindaco) de Venise de 1993 à 2000 avec le soutien de Prodi. On parle alors de lui comme futur Président du parti de l'Olivier. En vue des élections régionales de 2000, Cacciari réalise que, dans une région traditionnellement modérée, la gauche doit séduire une partie de l'électorat de la défunte Démocratie chrétienne italienne et fait quelques pas significatifs en ce sens. Il échoue cependant à séduire l'électorat autonomiste. Après sa défaite aux élections de 2000 au poste de gouverneur de Vénétie, il voit diminuer ses chances de devenir un leader politique d'envergure nationale. Député européen, conseiller régional de Vénétie, il est réélu maire de Venise en 2005 sous l'étiquette du parti La Margherita (affilié à l'union de L'Olivier).
Quartiers [modifier]Depuis 1171 la cité des doges comporte 6 quartiers appelés sestiere : Cannaregio, Castello, Dorsoduro, San Marco, San Polo et Santa Croce, auxquels s'ajoutent l'île de la Giudecca, Murano, Pellestrina et le Lido. Les autres îles importantes (Burano, Torcello, San Erasmo) comme les localités de la terre ferme (Mestre, Marghera, Favaro Veneto, Zelarino et Chirignago) font partie du territoire de la Commune de Venise.
Superficie [modifier]L'ensemble des territoires de la Commune représente une superficie totale de 41 317 hectares dont 25 302 sont recouverts par les eaux lagunaires. Les localités de la terre ferme occupent une superficie de 13 028 hectares, le Centre historique mesure à peu près 800 hectares et les principales îles, environ 2 186 hectares.
Communes limitrophes [modifier]Campagna Lupia, Cavallino-Treporti, Chioggia, Jesolo, Marcon, Martellago, Mira, Mogliano Veneto (Trévise), Musile di Piave, Quarto d'Altino, Scorzè, Spinea.
Population [modifier]Au 31 décembre 2007, la population totale de la commune de Venise est de 268 993 habitants (autant que le centre historique au XVIIIe siècle qui est aujourd'hui compté dans ce que l'on appelle la Venise insulaire (Venise plus les îles de Burano, Murano, Torcello, Sant' Erasmo et la Giudecca) et compte 69 656 habitants. Sans les îles de Burano, Torcello et Murano, la population du centre historique (dont la Giudecca et Sacca Fisola) est au 31 décembre 2007 de 60 755 habitants. La Venise dite littorale (Lido, Pellestrina) compte 21 688 habitants La municipalité de Mestre compte 88 178 habitants La municipalité de Favaro compte 23 488 habitants La municipalité de Marghera compte 28 301 habitants Les municipalités de Chirignago - Zelarino comptent 37 682 habitants L'avenir et la sauvegarde de Venise passent par le maintien des populations dans leur habitat d'origine et des activités artisanales, commerciales et administratives qui permettent à la population de vivre. Contrairement aux idées reçues, le tourisme n'enrichit pas la ville et il contribue, par sa massification et sa pendularité, à chasser les habitants du centre historique. L'actuelle municipalité s'emploie à renverser cette situation en favorisant l'accès au logement pour les plus défavorisés et en veillant au maintien des activités traditionnelles, des commerces, des écoles et des entreprises du tertiaire qui ont leur siège dans le centre historique. Mais dans le même temps les hôtels ont été autorisés à ouvrir des chambres dans des appartements situés dans des maisons voisines et le nombre d'appartements loués en tant que locations de vacances à la semaine, ne cesse de monter sans que la municipalité intervienne. D'où une flambée des prix de l'immobilier et des jeunes vénitiens qui n'ont d'autre choix que d'aller habiter en terre ferme, n'étant plus capables d'acheter dans le centre historique.
Évolution démographique [modifier]Habitants recensés
Jumelages [modifier]
Accord de coopération :
Références [modifier]
Liens internes [modifier]
Liens externes [modifier]
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia Cronologia/Autori: http://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venecia&action=history VeneciaDe Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Alba en Venecia.
Venecia (en italiano Venezia, en veneciano Venezsia, en veneciano antiguo Venexia y en esloveno Benetke), la ciudad de los canales, es la capital de la región de Véneto. Está situada sobre un conjunto de islas que se extiende en una laguna pantanosa en el mar Adriático, entre las desembocaduras de los ríos Po (sur), y Piave (norte), en el noreste de Italia. Venecia está compuesta por 120 pequeñas islas unidas entre sí por unos 400 puentes. Se llega a Venecia desde tierra firme por el Puente de la Libertad que accede al Piazzale Roma. Desde su fundación la ciudad ha sufrido los efectos de inundaciones periódicas. En la actualidad la ciudad se considera en grave amenaza por las repetidas inundaciones. En primavera y otoño tiene lugar el acqua alta ('marea alta') dos veces al día y la Plaza de San Marcos se inunda de agua hasta tal punto que tienen que colocar pasarelas de madera sobre las que la gente tiene que andar en fila india. El gobierno italiano prepara un proyecto, denominado Moisés, para levantar unos diques móviles que se cerrarían en caso de aumento del nivel del agua del mar.
Historia [editar]
En la Antigüedad esta región estaba habitada por el pueblo véneto. Cuando los germanos empezaron a invadir Italia en el siglo V, los habitantes de algunas ciudades (Padua entre otras) se refugiaron en estas islas. Se establecieron y llegaron a tener su propio gobierno presidido por 12 tribunos, tantos como islas principales había. Casi desde el principio esta comunidad fue autónoma y obtuvo su independencia en el siglo IX, el gobierno de la ciudad lo ostenta un dux o dogo, cargo de carácter vitalicio, no hereditario. En la Alta Edad Media, Venecia se expandió gracias al control del comercio con Oriente y a los beneficios que esto suponía, expandiéndose por el mar Adriático. El apogeo de Venecia alcanzó su cénit en la primera mitad del siglo XV, cuando los venecianos comenzaron su expansión por Italia, como respuesta al amenazador avance de Gian Galeazzo Visconti, duque de Milán. Venecia supo aprovecharse de todos los cambios que ocurrieron en el Occidente:
La toma de Constantinopla por los turcos en 1453 marcó el principio de la decadencia. El descubrimiento de América desplazó las corrientes comerciales y Venecia se vio obligada a sostener una lucha agotadora contra los turcos. En 1797, fue invadida por las tropas de Napoleón. A la firma del tratado de Campoformio, se repartió el territorio de la República entre Francia y Austria. Venecia está rodeada de lagunas de poco fondo; eso le valió siempre como gran defensa. En sus aguas encallaban fácilmente las naves que no conocían los fondos, así es que era como una ciudad atrincherada dentro de grandes murallas. Las murallas de Venecia son los bancos peligrosos de arena que quedan casi al descubierto en bajamar. Para llegar desde el Adriático había que conocer los pasos, que en tiempos de paz se señalaban con hileras de palos con luces para la noche.
Transporte [editar]
Típica góndola veneciana.
Venecia es famosa en el mundo por sus canales, está construida en un archipiélago de 118 islas y alrededor de 150 canales. Las pocas islas están conectas por unos 400 puentes. Sus canales componen un gran entramado a modo de calles que parten del Gran Canal, que es como una gran avenida por donde discurren multitud de embarcaciones, grandes y pequeñas, siendo estas últimas las conocidas góndolas. Son muy útiles los transportes colectivos o vaporetos. En la parte antigua del centro los únicos medios de desplazamiento son las embarcaciones y el caminar. La clásica embarcación veneciana es la góndola, actualmente es usada fundamentalmente por turistas, o por bodas, funerales y otras ceremonias. La mayoría de los venecianos viajan en los barcos de transporte colectivo, denominados vaporetos, que funcionan a modo de autobuses y cubren rutas regulares a lo largo del gran canal y entre las distintas islas. La ciudad también tiene muchos barcos privados. Las únicas góndolas que existen, de uso común por los venecianos son los traghetti, encargadas de cruzar el canal en aquellos puntos donde no existen puentes. El Aeropuerto de Venezia Marco Polo se encuentra en tierra firme, conectado a la ciudad por autobús, ferrocarril y un servicio marítimo que recala en varios puntos de la ciudad siendo la plaza de San Marcos el fin de su trayecto.
Arte y cultura [editar]
Típicas máscaras del
Carnaval veneciano.
Venecia goza de una fama legendaria por su amplio patrimonio artístico y largo historial como referencia de la pintura europea. La riqueza de los poderosos de la ciudad (la Iglesia, los políticos y ciertos comerciantes) permitió mantener un prolongado patrocinio sobre pintores, arquitectos y demás artistas: desde Gentile Bellini en el siglo XV hasta Francesco Guardi a finales del siglo XVIII, pasando por Giovanni Bellini, Tiziano, Giorgione, Sebastiano del Piombo, Tintoretto, Veronés, Jacopo Bassano, Giambattista Tiepolo... Curiosamente, muchos de estos artistas habían nacido en otras localidades y acudieron a Venecia atraídos por su pujanza. El estilo de los sucesivos pintores de Venecia mantuvo algunas características comunes (colorido cálido y rico) que irradiaron su influencia por media Europa. La llamada «Escuela veneciana» influyó en maestros tan diversos como Rubens y Velázquez, y modeló en parte el estilo barroco del siglo XVII. En Venecia nació Antonio Vivaldi, el gran compositor, el 4 de marzo de 1678 y murió en Viena, Austria el 28 de julio de 1741. Desde 1893 alberga la Bienal de Venecia, que incluye el festival de cine anual Mostra Internazionale d'Arte cinematográfica. La fiesta más popular de Venecia es el Carnaval cuya tradición se remonta al año 1800 posiblemente, al siglo XI cuando Venecia comenzaba a dominar marítimamente importantes porciones del mar Mediterráneo. Oficialmente se declaró existente como festividad suprema durante el siglo XIII. Sin embargo es sólo hasta el siglo XVIII cuando el Carnaval de Venecia alcanza su punto máximo. A él acudían viajeros y aristócratas de toda Europa, en busca de diversión y placer. Con la decadencia de Venecia como poder mercante y militar, el carnaval palideció hasta casi desaparecer. Se recuperó algo de su festividad hacia finales del siglo XX, cuando la ciudad se ve abrumada por la invasión de miles de turistas, aunque las grandes épocas de diversión desenfrenada quedaron atrás. El Carnaval de Venecia se caracteriza porque sus participantes usan elaboradas máscaras para cubrir sus rostros.Venecia ha tenido un desenvolvimiento magno en el arte.Es una de las ciudades con grandes bellezas arquitectónicas. Las máscaras de Venecia han tomado importancia a lo largo del tiempo, su gran esplendor y colorido caracterizan este gran carnaval que se celebra a partir del mes de febrero. Además han sido encontradas una cantidad de máscaras por toda Europa, esto hace que tengan una significativa importancia histórica. Mascaras hay de todo tipo: redondas, cuadradas, rectangulares, con forma de gato, hay infinitas; el precio suele oscilar entre los 15–30 euros las normales; las que se ponen con plumas, con más accesorios, suelen costar entre 110–170€.
Personajes famosos [editar]
Lugares de interés [editar]
Plaza de San Marcos.
Góndola.
Ca' d'Oro.
San Giorgio Maggiore.
Basílica de San Marcos.
Puente de los Suspiros.
Plazas [editar]
Plaza de San Marcos [editar]Napoleón Bonaparte dijo de esta plaza que era «el salón más bello de Europa» (hay que entender la palabra «salón» como sinónimo de plaza). Las demás plazas de Venecia se llaman campo. El suelo es de losas de piedra de Istria. La plaza está delimitada por edificios famosos: al fondo, la fachada de la basílica de San Marcos, el Campanile de ladrillo, (desde allí señalaban la llegada de los barcos y los incendios de la ciudad. Hay que subir para ver la vista de Venecia), el Palacio Ducal, la Torre del Reloj. Delimitando la gran plaza con una longitud de casi 3.500 m están los dos edificios llamados Procuradurías Viejas y Procuradurías Nuevas, cuyas fachadas son una continua arcada. El edificio de las Procuratie Vecchie ('Procuradurías Viejas') es la sede de procuradores y magistrados encargados de la conservación de la basílica. El edificio se encuentra a la derecha de la basílica. En el lado opuesto se encuentran los edificios de la Procuratie Nuove ('Procuradurías Nuevas'). Al fondo de la plaza de San Marcos, entre estos dos edificios se encuentra la Fabbrica Nuova, hoy Museo Corner. En el extremo del edificio de las Procuradurías Viejas, en el ala norte de la plaza se encuentra esta torre, llamada también de Los dos Moros. Da acceso al barrio de las Mercerías. En el centro de la torre se muestra el gran reloj que señala las horas, los días y el curso de los planetas y las estrellas. En lo alto se ven las figuras que han dado el nombre de moros y que dan las horas golpeando una campana. Se puede subir a la terraza donde se encuentran estas.
Palacios [editar]
Iglesias [editar]
Puentes [editar]
Otros lugares [editar]
Curiosidades [editar]
Véase también [editar]
Enlaces externos [editar]
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GNU Free Documentation License Esso utilizza materiale tratto da http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig Cronologia/Autori: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venedig&action=history Venedigaus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Satellitenbild von Venedig
Venedig [veˈneːdɪç] (ital. Venezia [veˈnɛtːsi̯a] resp. venezianisch Venexia oder Venezsia [veˈnessi̯a]) ist eine Stadt im Nordosten Oberitaliens an der adriatischen Küste. Sie ist die Hauptstadt der Region Venetien und der Provinz Venedig und trägt den Beinamen La Serenissima („Die Allerdurchlauchtigste“). Rund ein Jahrtausend lang war sie als Republik Venedig von großer historischer Bedeutung und eine der größten europäischen Städte, bis ihre Selbstständigkeit 1797 endete. Das historische Zentrum erstreckt sich über 117 Inseln in einer Lagune. Diese Salzwasserlagune liegt zwischen den Mündungen des Po im Süden und des Piave im Norden. Bei der Volkszählung 2006 hatte die Stadt 268.934 Einwohner, davon wohnten 176.621 auf dem Festland, 30.702 innerhalb der Lagune und 61.611 im historischen Zentrum. Venedig und seine Lagune stehen seit 1987 auf der UNESCO-Liste des Weltkulturerbes.[1] Architektur und Stadtstruktur, Geschichte und Mythen, Atmosphäre und Lebensstil haben überaus häufig inspirierend auf Künstler gewirkt. Venedig ist zugleich zu einem der größten Anziehungspunkte für Touristen weltweit geworden. Mit den daraus resultierenden Einnahmen versucht man, die überalterte und von häufigen Überschwemmungen (aqua alta) bedrohte Stadt zu sanieren, und ihr neben den traditionellen Lebensgrundlagen neue zu erschließen.
Geographie [Bearbeiten]
Lage und Stadtgliederung [Bearbeiten]Die Gemeinde Venedig umfasst das historische Zentrum mit rund 7 km² Fläche, sowie den größten Teil der Lagune von Venedig mit ihren zahlreichen Inseln. Hinzu kommen die langgestreckten Inseln Lido und Pellestrina, die die Lagune von der Adria abgrenzen sowie die auf dem Festland gelegenen Stadtteile Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, Marghera, Mestre und Zelarino. Zur Municipalità Venedig – Murano – Burano gehört das historische Zentrum, das wiederum in sechs Stadtteile eingeteilt wird: die Sestieri Cannaregio, San Polo, Dorsoduro (mit den Inseln Giudecca und San Giorgio Maggiore), Santa Croce, San Marco und Castello. Außerdem umfasst sie den mittleren und den nördlichen Teil der Lagune mit zahlreichen Inseln. Zu den wichtigsten gehören die Glasmacherinsel Murano, das kleinere Burano, ganz im Norden Torcello, die Gemüseinseln Sant'Erasmo und Vignole sowie die Friedhofsinsel San Michele. Die Municipalità Lido – Pellestrina nimmt den südlichen Teil der Lagune mit der von Chioggia bis Jesolo reichenden Nehrung ein, die die Lagune zur Adria hin abschließt. Die beiden schmalen Inseln erstrecken sich über mehr als 20 km südwärts von Venedig. Der nördlichere Lido di Venezia entwickelte sich im 19. Jahrhundert zum mondänen Seebad mit luxuriösen Hotels und einem Spielcasino. Er verfügt über einen Landeplatz für Privatflugzeuge und ist mit zwei Autofährlinien zum Tronchetto und nach Punta Sabbioni mit dem Festland verbunden. Pellestrina ist dagegen eine Insel, die überwiegend von Fischfang und Muschelfischerei lebt. Die Stadt Mestre – Carpenedo auf dem Festland wurde 1926 nach Venedig eingemeindet und beherbergt heute mehr als die Hälfte der Einwohner der Stadt. Hier beginnt die Ponte della Libertà (Freiheitsbrücke), die die Altstadt Venedigs an das Festland anbindet. Versuche Mestre aus der Gemeinde Venedig wieder auszugliedern scheiterten in vier Referenden, zuletzt 2003. Der Industriestadtteil Marghera liegt ebenfalls auf dem Festland und ist durch die petrochemische Industrie geprägt. Der Stadtteil Favaro Veneto liegt östlich von Mestre und schließt den Flughafen Marco Polo ein. Die Municipalità Chirignago – Zelarino umfasst die westlichen Vororte und hat als einzige keinen Zugang zur Lagune.
Klima [Bearbeiten]
Klimadiagramm
Die Stadt liegt in der gemäßigten Klimazone. Die durchschnittliche Jahrestemperatur beträgt 13,5 °C. Die wärmsten Monate sind Juli und August mit durchschnittlich 23,1 beziehungsweise 22,6 °C, der kälteste Monat ist der Januar mit 3,0 °C. Die durchschnittliche Tageshöchsttemperatur beträgt im Juli und August 27 °C. Der durchschnittliche Jahresniederschlag liegt bei 770 mm. Der meiste Niederschlag fällt im November mit durchschnittlich 86, der geringste im Januar mit durchschnittlich 53 mm.[2]
Sprache [Bearbeiten]Im Veneto, aber auch in der Region Friaul-Julisch Venetien, im Trentino und in Istrien wird eine eigene Sprache gesprochen, die als Venetische Sprache bezeichnet wird. Seit dem 28. März 2007 ist sie – zumindest vom Regionalrat Venetien – als Sprache anerkannt. Dabei tritt das venesiàn (Venezianisch) als bedeutende Varietät auf, die in Venedig gesprochen wird. Es gehört zu den westromanischen Sprachen und ist daher teilweise näher mit dem Französischen und Spanischen verwandt, als mit dem aus dem Toskanischen abgeleiteten Standard-Italienisch.
Geschichte [Bearbeiten]→ Siehe auch: Republik Venedig, Repubblica di San Marco, Verfassung der Republik Venedig, Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Republik Venedig, Venezianische Kolonien
Geschichte [Bearbeiten]
Karte der Innenstadt
Zu den frühen Siedlern auf den Inseln der Lagune, deren Spuren sich bis in etruskische Zeit zurückverfolgen lassen,[3] kamen während der Völkerwanderung Flüchtlinge aus Oberitalien. Die im Jahr 452 vor den Hunnen Flüchtenden sollen sich mit der Losung Veni etiam (etwa: „Auch ich bin (hierher) gekommen“) gegrüßt haben. Aus dieser Losung sei, so die Volksetymologie, der Name Venedig entstanden. Tatsächlich waren aber die hier ansässigen Veneter Namensgeber der Siedlung Venetia. Die Orte in der Lagune blieben, auch als das Festland an Langobarden und Franken fiel, der westlichste Außenposten des Byzantinischen Reichs. Sie entwickelten eine eigene Herrschaftsstruktur mit einem Dogen an der Spitze. Die erste Residenz befand sich dabei in Malamocco auf dem Lido. 811 wurde sie nach Rialto verlegt. Der Name Rialto bedeutet „hohes Ufer“ (rivo alto), was wohl darauf zurückgeht, dass Rialto vor dem Anstieg des Meeresspiegels am Ostrand des Festlands lag. Diese Verlagerung der Residenz fiel in eine Zeit, als sich Byzanz und das Frankenreich unter Karl dem Großen um die rechtmäßige Nachfolge der römischen Kaiser stritten. Dabei führten die politischen Gegensätze zwischen pro-byzantinischen und pro-fränkischen Fraktionen zu Unruhen, die mehrere Dogen das Leben kosteten. Zugleich strebten die mächtigsten Familien die Alleinherrschaft mit Hilfe des Dogenamts an, wogegen sich die übrigen Familien verbündeten. Letztere setzten sich letztlich durch und erzwangen die Einbindung des Dogen in ein System kontrollierender Ratsgremien. Sie verhinderten eine Dynastiebildung und sorgten schließlich für eine Abriegelung gegen neu aufsteigende Familien (ab 1297). Alle männlichen Erwachsenen dieser Familien hatte Sitz und Stimme im Großen Rat. Zugleich waren Überwachungsgremien mit fast unbeschränkter Vollmacht, wie der Rat der Zehn (ab 1310), oder der Senat von erheblicher Bedeutung. Die mächtigsten Familien beherrschten schließlich die Politik und den gewinnträchtigen Fernhandel bis 1797.
Geschicktes Lavieren zwischen den Großmächten verschaffte Venedig günstige Handelsverträge, die ihm fast eine Monopolstellung im Handel zwischen Westeuropa und Byzanz eintrugen. Zugleich baute es schon früh seine Beziehungen zu den muslimischen Herrschern aus.
Die Piazzetta und die Säule mit dem geflügelten
Markuslöwen, gesehen von der Außengalerie des Markusdoms aus
828 wurden die Gebeine des Evangelisten Markus von Alexandria nach Venedig gebracht. Zu Ehren des Apostels veranlasste der Doge den Bau des Markusdoms. Die Identität stiftende, Prestige verleihende und Machtausübung legitimierende Bedeutung dieser von der Gesamtchristenheit hochgeschätzten Reliquie kann kaum überschätzt werden. Die beiden Säulen auf der Piazzetta, tragen heute noch die Figur des Hl. Theodor und den geflügelten Löwen, das Attribut des Apostels Markus, der Theodor als Schutzpatron verdrängte. Das Symbol des Markus wurde zum Wappen und Hoheitszeichen Venedigs, allgegenwärtig sowohl in der Stadt wie in allen ehemals von Venedig beherrschten Gebieten. Eine wichtige Quelle für den Reichtum der Lagunenstadt war die Gewinnung von Salz, das von größter Bedeutung für die Konservierung von Fleisch und Fisch war. Außerdem schaltete sich Venedig in den Import des Grundnahrungsmittels Getreide ein, so dass die Versorgung Oberitaliens bis in die Frühe Neuzeit von ihren Vorratsspeichern abhing – ein handfestes und häufig genutztes Mittel politischer Erpressung. Wichtige Waren und Luxusgüter aus Asien und Afrika wie Seide, Pelze, Elfenbein, Gewürze, Färbemittel und Parfüme wurden über die levantinischen und nordafrikanischen Häfen umgeschlagen. Über Venedig wurde im Gegenzug der Handel mit Waren aus West- und Nordeuropa abgewickelt – wie Gold, Silber, Bernstein, Wolle, Holz, Zinn und Eisen, aber auch geschliffene Juwelen, Glaswaren und Arzneimittel. Zur Sicherung des Seehandels baute Venedig seit 1104 eine Schiffswerft, das Arsenal errichtet, das mehrmals erweitert wurde. Die hier gebauten Flotten begleiteten die regelmäßigen Kauffahrerkonvois und waren zugleich ein geeignetes Mittel, die Piraterie einzudämmen. Im Verlauf der ersten Kreuzzüge und bedingt durch seine Handelsprivilegien nahmen die Feindseligkeiten zwischen Venezianern und Byzantinern in Konstantinopel jedoch zu, bis die Venezianer 1171 die Hauptstadt verlassen mussten. Den Vierten Kreuzzug dirigierte der Doge Enrico Dandolo nach Konstantinopel um, das erobert und geplündert wurde. Zahllose Kunstschätze gelangten von Byzanz in den Westen, so auch die bronzene Quadriga der Markuskirche. Zudem erweiterte Venedig sein Kolonialreich um zahlreiche Stützpunkte, allen voran Kreta. Aus diesem „Coup“ folgte allerdings auch ein Dauerkonflikt mit Genua, der Ursache für vier verheerende Kriege war. Seit dem Fall von Konstantinopel 1453 musste Venedig seine Positionen im östlichen Mittelmeer nach und nach den Osmanen überlassen. Seine Bedeutung nahm auch in Folge der Verlagerung des Welthandelsverkehrs auf den Atlantik immer mehr ab. Das Monopol Venedigs auf den Gewürzhandel mit der Levante ging im Lauf des 17. Jahrhunderts endgültig verloren. Als Wendepunkt gilt die Seeschlacht von Lepanto, in der es Venedig letztmalig gelang, zwischen den Weltmächten der Spanier und Osmanen eine entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. Dem Verlust Zyperns (1571) folgten weitere Verluste, bis 1669 auch Kreta verloren ging. Venedig hatte – vor allem ab 1405 – nach und nach das Festland, die so genannte Terraferma erobert, und herrschte am Ende des 15. Jahrhunderts über das heutige Venetien, über Friaul und einen großen Teil der Lombardei. Gründe für die Machtausdehnung auf das Festland waren die Konkurrenz der Osmanen, die wachsende Bedeutung der Handelswege durch die Po-Ebene und über die Alpen nach Mittel- und Nordeuropa sowie die Möglichkeit der Agrarproduktion auf den dortigen Landgütern. Die Republik setzte in der Außenpolitik auf Diplomatie und ein effizientes Informationssystem. Pragmatismus, präzise Rechenhaftigkeit und Rationalität waren in der Regel Grundlagen politischen Handelns. Aus den ideologischen und religiösen Streitigkeiten hielt man sich möglichst heraus. Venedig hatte weder gravierende Probleme mit Muslimen noch mit Juden, man wusste sich vielmehr ihres Nutzens zu versichern. Probleme gab es allenfalls mit dem Papst wegen der politischer Vormachtbestrebungen und der Territorialpolitk der Kurie. Keine zweite Stadt Europas hat ihre ständische Ordnung so entschieden zur Arbeitsteilung genutzt wie Venedig. Der Adel besorgte die Politik und die gehobene Verwaltung sowie die Kriegs- und Flottenführung. Die Cittadini, die bürgerlichen Kaufleute (circa 3 bis 4 % der Bevölkerung), sorgten für Geldmittel und Wertschöpfung durch Handel und Produktion von Luxuswaren, die Populani, also die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung, stellte die Soldaten, Matrosen und leistete Handarbeit, durfte aber auch als Schiffsbesatzung in gewissem Rahmen auf eigene Rechnung Handel treiben. In der Epoche des Aufstiegs waren die Adelsfamilien aktiv an Wirtschaft und Verwaltung der Stadt beteiligt: Sie trieben Handel, leiteten Kontore, kommandierten Galeeren und Flotten und waren in den zahlreichen Gremien des Staatswesens in die – zeitlich begrenzten – Ämter eingebunden, deren Kosten sie selbst zu tragen hatten, und die sie ohne spezielle Ausbildung ausfüllten. Ab dem späten 16. Jahrhundert entwickelten die Konkurrenten aus Nordwest- und Westeuropa überlegene Kredit- und Handelstechniken. Ihre Wirtschaftspolitik nahm zudem stark protektionistische Züge an. Nun übernahm die Luxusindustrie (vor allem die Glasherstellung) die Rolle des rückläufigen Levantehandels, ebenso der Tourismus. Venedig konnte Dalmatien und zeitweilig den Peloponnes unter seiner Hoheit halten, jedoch ging 1669 Kreta und 1718 der Peloponnes endgültig verloren. Der ökonomische Niedergang der Stadt im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ist dennoch eher als ein Zurückfallen gegenüber den schneller wachsenden Konkurrenten zu deuten, denn als Schrumpfungsprozess. 1797 verlor die Adelsrepublik durch Napoléon Bonaparte ihre Selbstständigkeit und wurde bis 1805 bzw. 1806 an Österreich angegliedert. Nachdem es 1805 bis 1814 Teil des napoleonischen Königreichs Italien war, kam es 1814 bzw. 1815 als Teil des Lombardo-Venezianischen Königreiches wiederum zu Österreich. 1830 erhielt die Stadt einen Freihafen und wurde 1845 durch die so genannte Freiheitsbrücke (Ponte della libertà) ans Festland gebunden.
Ausrufung der Repubblica di San Marco am 23. März
1848 (Lithografie von Sanesi, ca. 1850)
Im Revolutionsjahr 1848 wurde am 23. März unter Daniele Manin die Repubblica di San Marco in Venedig ausgerufen, die über ein Jahr ihre Unabhängigkeit von Österreich behaupten konnte. Am 23. August 1849 wurde die Stadtrepublik von österreichischen Truppen blutig erobert. Der Belagerungszustand wurde erst 1854 aufgehoben. In Folge der Niederlage Österreichs gegen Preußen im Krieg von 1866, in dem das 1861 neu gegründete Königreich Italien Verbündeter Preußens war, kam Venedig gemäß dem Frieden von Wien vom 3. Oktober 1866 an Italien. Bis 1890 kam es zu massenhaften Auswanderungen – allein aus dem Veneto 1,4 Millionen Menschen. Erst unter Bürgermeister Riccardo Selvatico kam es nun zu verstärkten Industrialisierungsbemühungen. 1917 wurde der Hafen Marghera eröffnet, der die Arbeitsteilung zwischen dem Industrierand der Lagune und der Altstadt, die vor allem auf Tourismus setzte, offenkundig machte. Ab 1926 gehörte der Industriekomplex Mestre-Marghera zu Venedig, drei Jahre später entstand eine Autobrücke mit einem Parkhaus (Piazzale Roma), dazu ein Bahnhof und künstliche Inseln. Bis weit in die 70er Jahre hatte die Industriepolitik Vorrang, so dass aus der Lagune eine Kloake wurde, die durch die verbreiterten Durchfahrten zur Adria und die Zerstörung des ökologischen Gleichgewichts immer häufiger verheerenden Überschwemmungen ausgesetzt wurde, wie etwa 1966. Gleichzeitig schrumpft die Bevölkerung in der Altstadt bis heute dramatisch, ihre Überalterung nimmt zu. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
